Antarctica

Antarctica is the southernmost continent, surrounding the South Pole. It is the fifth-largest continent, the coldest, driest, and windiest on Earth. With no permanent population, Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty and is dedicated to scientific research. It contains about 70% of Earth's …

Countries

No permanent

Area

14M km²

Population

Research only

Major Cities

2 featured

Overview

Antarctica is the southernmost continent, surrounding the South Pole. It is the fifth-largest continent, the coldest, driest, and windiest on Earth. With no permanent population, Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty and is dedicated to scientific research. It contains about 70% of Earth's fresh water in its vast ice sheet.

Geographic Facts

  • Antarctica is the coldest continent with a record low of -89.2°C (-128.6°F) recorded at Vostok Station.

  • The Antarctic ice sheet is up to 4,776 m thick and contains about 26.5 million km³ of ice.

  • Vinson Massif (4,892 m) is Antarctica's highest peak.

  • Antarctica has no indigenous human population.

  • The continent was not discovered until 1820.

Climate

Antarctica has the world's most extreme climate. Interior temperatures can drop below -70°C in winter. The coast is warmer and windier. Antarctica is classified as a polar desert, receiving very little precipitation.

Major Languages

Research station languages: English, Russian, Spanish, French, and others

Famous Landmarks

South Pole

McMurdo Station

Mount Erebus (active volcano)

Dry Valleys

Antarctic Peninsula

Major Cities

McMurdo Station (US Research Station)Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station